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Résumé : Les actions de la reine Marguerite de Provence (1221-1295), épouse du roi de France canonisé, Louis IX, ne sont pas suffisamment étudiées. Il s’agit de reprendre la question du souhait qu’aurait eu Saint Louis d’entrer dans un des deux principaux ordres mendiants (Dominicains ou Franciscains) et la place qu’aurait jouée, dans le refus finalement exprimé par le roi, son épouse la reine Marguerite.
Source : https://doi-org.inshs.bib.cnrs.fr/10.1163/22941932-bja10173
Since the 1980s, the field of anthracology has continued to expand in Southern Africa to study the interaction between past human societies and their environments, including plant resources and forest management from prehistoric times. To answer such questions, the need for comparative wood anatomy analyses of the local taxa is of particular relevance in this rich species environment to perform rigorous taxonomic identification. This paper introduces the first computer-assisted identification tool specifically designed for the analysis of archaeological charcoals from Southern Africa. This online database, called SACHA for Southern African CHArcoals, is accessible via the following link: https://sacha.identificationkey.org/. It currently includes anatomical descriptions, as well as ecological and ethnobotanical information for 68 taxa of modern specimens collected in the Savanna Biome. An identification key is available on the Xper3 online platform, which is designed for descriptive data management and interactive identification. This article presents a survey of the existing reference collections on Southern African woods and charcoals and proposes an overview of the development of computerised tools for systematic wood descriptions and identification keys. The SACHA database can be easily updated and enriched without requiring computer science skills. Furthermore, it can serve as a training tool for beginners in wood anatomy. The database offers an online interactive key option, a fact sheet catalogue, and conventional dichotomous and tabular keys for offline or printed versions. These functions are facilitated by the various export formats that are available in the database.
Numerous rock shelters in the Ethiopian highlands provide rich charcoal assemblages. Their study is of utmost interest to decipher past human-vegetation relationships. Many of these sites are located in the Afromontane Forest, the potential natural vegetation of the highlands within the Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot, hosting 483 dicot woody species.
Here, we present the first wood database for the species of the Ethiopian Afromontane Forest. It is set up on the online open-access platform Xper3 and includes an interactive identification key. The anatomical features follow the IAWA nomenclature and include additional ones, to improve the identification process. The database comprises wood anatomical descriptions of (1) 68 species from the wood reference collections of Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, and Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; (2) 72 species from InsideWood and (3) 92 genera/species from specialized literature. The database also includes original pictures taken on samples from the reference collections. Our original coded descriptions and pictures are also available in InsideWood.
Source : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105014
Source : https://doi.org/10.4000/12wei
L’histoire des circulations en Méditerranée ancienne s’est longtemps restreinte à celles des hommes et dans le cadre des milieux anthropisés, au détriment des circulations des animaux. L’essor des études animales amène désormais à les intégrer pleinement à cette histoire qui s’insère aussi dans celle des environnements et des sociétés qui les habitent.
Au cours du Ier millénaire av. J.-C., des espèces ont régressé sous la pression humaine (lions, éléphants), voire disparu ; d’autres sont arrivées…
Source : https://www.jstor.org/stable/27343493
“The king and queen of France keep separate accounts”: if the separation of the king and the queen as the usual mode of life of a princely couple is well recorded in the Late Middle Ages, what was it like in the thirteenth century, at the time of the emergence of the hôtel réginal (the queen’s household)? The issue of royal institutions and entourage has received renewed attention in recent years, but little note has been taken of the hôtel réginal. The appearance of the queen’s household in the French kingdom should perhaps be situated in a much more political context than historians have led us to think. Indeed, the study of the personality of Marguerite of Provence (1221-1295) suggests that some interesting reflections can be raised in this connection. This article will also explore the chronology of the institutional appearance of Marguerite de Provence’s household independently of that of the king, and will show that she was probably the first queen in western Europe to have one.
Source : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.013
In Europe, adhesives were produced and employed from the Middle Palaeolithic onwards. In the earlier periods, adhesives were used predominantly for hafting tools and weapons, but their functionality evolved with the advent of ceramic technologies, with use widening to pottery repair and ornamentation. Limited attention has been directed towards their application in metalwork. It is unclear whether the scarcity of adhesives described in association with metal is due to preservation factors, such as corrosion-related issues, or to a research emphasis on other materials associated with metalwork such as coral, amber, and glass. To address this issue, we conducted chemical analyses including gas chromatography – mass spectrometry on 18 adhesive residues present on 15 objects from France and England dated from the mid first millennium BCE to the first century CE. These artefacts include jewellery, vessels, harness fittings and weaponry components. Our findings suggest that a range of adhesives were employed in assembling and applying decoration to diverse types of metal objects. These include birch tar and conifer resins, also bitumen and possibly beeswax, which have not been reported before. However, the application of waxes in past conservation practices introduces challenges that can potentially constrain the interpretation of molecular analyses. Our results have implications for the understanding of the adhesive technologies, and illustrate the potential of identifying adhesives linked to metal ornamentation. They further demonstrate the widening application of long-established adhesive technologies within the framework of increasingly complex craft specialisms.
Source : https://hdl.handle.net/11572/441087
Questo volume tratta della ricezione, dal II al V secolo d.C., del Marius, biografia presente nelle Vite Parallele di Plutarco. L’obiettivo che si pone è duplice: da un lato, comprendere come questa opera abbia caratterizzato l’immagine di Gaio Mario; dall’altro, capire come il testo sia stato riusato dagli autori successivi, introducendo, negli studi sulla ricezione dei classici, il concetto di ‘comunità culturale’: una collettività coesa di intellettuali che riadatta i classici secondo i propri principi, mossa da obiettivi stilistici, politici e religiosi; un gruppo che ricostruisce il proprio passato per affermare il proprio pensiero, che propone come dominante. Esempi di questa dinamica saranno le riutilizzazioni della biografia in varie epoche: sotto gli Antonini si attualizza il messaggio etico del Marius; nel III secolo si esalta il volto autoritario del protagonista, in linea con l’atteggiamento dei Severi e degli ‘imperatori militari’. Nei secoli IV e V si riusa la Vita in due modi opposti: gli autori cristiani citano i passi in cui Mario è dipinto come un leader violento, mentre quelli pagani riprendono i capitoli in cui sembra un eroe, poiché i primi mirano a condannare la tradizione romana, i secondi a celebrarla.
Source : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104952
Abstract: Winegrowing has dramatically shaped the landscapes as well as the culture and economy of societies in the Mediterranean region. It is generally accepted that it appeared and expanded in Mediterranean France during the Iron Age and the Roman period (ca 750 BCE − 500 CE). Viticulture flourished massively during the Early Roman Empire, when wine was widely exported throughout the Empire. The objective of this paper is to propose an updated overview of the history of viticulture based on a multidisciplinary survey combining archaeobotanical, archaeological data and modelling of wine potential yields. We aim to compare the information provided by seed-fruits and by charcoal, and to better understand how these data can be used to trace ancient viticulture in relation to other archaeological data. We collected and entered into a database all available results of charcoal and seed-fruit analyses from Mediterranean France and the middle Rhône valley. Seed and fruits provide evidence of fruit consumption and processing (table vs. pressing), while charcoal remains are stronger indicators of local cultivation. We also included published archaeological information about wineries and amphorae factories. This provides another way of identifying areas of cultivation and processing into wine, and gives hints on the scale of production and the possible destination for export. The reconstructions based on the multi-proxy information contained in the database are compared to the climate-vegetation LPJmL model estimates of wine potential yields and their variations over space and time. Charcoal and seed evidence concur to show that viticulture started in the 6th-5th c. BCE and developed with the progressive increase of potential wine yields throughout the Iron Age and then with the Roman Climatic Optimum. In the Roman period, the development of specialised winemaking facilities provides impressive evidence of viticulture, but is at the same time less favourable to its record by archaeobotany. Apparently, charcoals and seeds are more frequently preserved in rubbish assemblages when winemaking activities are still associated with domestic activities. While wineries and amphorae factories bear witness to a wine crisis in the Late Roman period, archaeobotanical remains indicate that viticulture persisted, probably in a less specialised mode, and modelling suggests that potential wine yields did not decline in comparison with the heyday of regional viticulture. Archaeobotany also provides consistent evidence of the existence of grapevine cultivation in urban Roman contexts.
