{"id":720,"date":"2022-05-06T09:35:11","date_gmt":"2022-05-06T07:35:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cepam.cnrs.fr\/sites\/zoomathia\/?p=720"},"modified":"2022-08-04T17:07:20","modified_gmt":"2022-08-04T15:07:20","slug":"colloque-observation-zoologique-experience-et-experimentation-sur-lanimal-dans-lantiquite-et-au-moyen-age","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cepam.cnrs.fr\/sites\/zoomathia\/2022\/05\/06\/colloque-observation-zoologique-experience-et-experimentation-sur-lanimal-dans-lantiquite-et-au-moyen-age\/","title":{"rendered":"Colloque | Observation zoologique, exp\u00e9rience et exp\u00e9rimentation sur l\u2019animal, dans l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 et au Moyen \u00c2ge"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Programme PDF : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cepam.cnrs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Colloque-Zoomathia-oct.-2022-programme.pdf\">Colloque Zoomathia oct. 2022 &#8211; programme<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Nice, 21-22 octobre 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>CEPAM<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le r\u00e9seau de recherche Zoomathia organise \u00e0 Nice, les 21 et 22 octobre 2022, un colloque international consacr\u00e9 \u00e0&nbsp;<strong><em>L\u2019observation zoologique, l\u2019exp\u00e9rience et l\u2019exp\u00e9rimentation sur l\u2019animal, dans l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 et au Moyen \u00c2ge<\/em><\/strong>. Dans le prolongement du colloque&nbsp;<em>Expertus sum&nbsp;: L&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience par les sens dans la philosophie naturelle m\u00e9di\u00e9vale<\/em>, organis\u00e9 en 2009 par I. Draelants et Th. Benatou\u00efl, ce colloque se propose d\u2019\u00e9tudier les t\u00e9moignages anciens d\u2019une activit\u00e9 d\u2019investigation pratique, r\u00e9gl\u00e9e, \u00e9ventuellement instrument\u00e9e sur les animaux ou avec eux, ainsi que les traces r\u00e9v\u00e9lant des protocoles exp\u00e9rimentaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e8s les enqu\u00eates sur la nature men\u00e9es par les pr\u00e9socratiques (Alcm\u00e9on, Anaxagore, D\u00e9mocrite\u2026) et les premiers trait\u00e9s de la&nbsp;<em>Collection hippocratique<\/em>, dat\u00e9s du V<sup>e<\/sup>&nbsp;si\u00e8cle avant notre \u00e8re, l\u2019animal appara\u00eet \u00e0 la fois comme un objet d\u2019investigation et comme un t\u00e9moin pour la compr\u00e9hension g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes biologiques. Ce double statut est au c\u0153ur de l\u2019\u0153uvre zoologique d\u2019Aristote, qui d\u00e9veloppe des enqu\u00eates appliqu\u00e9es, anatomiques, physiologiques et \u00e9thologiques en particulier, poursuivies ensuite par les m\u00e9decins des \u00e9poques hell\u00e9nistique et romaine et par les m\u00e9decins arabes. Galien nous a laiss\u00e9 sur ces recherches d\u2019abondants t\u00e9moignages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019histoire officielle de la science antique et m\u00e9di\u00e9vale accorde g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une place faible \u00e0 la zoologie post-aristot\u00e9licienne, et consid\u00e8re souvent le Moyen \u00c2ge comme une p\u00e9riode pauvre du point de vue des perspectives scientifiques, des enqu\u00eates empiriques et des engagements \u00e9pist\u00e9mologiques. Ne peut-on, \u00e0 rebours de l\u2019opinion re\u00e7ue et en se faisant l\u2019avocat de l\u2019ange, identifier plus r\u00e9solument, dans ces \u00e9poques ant\u00e9rieures \u00e0 la r\u00e9volution scientifique, des cas d\u2019observation contr\u00f4l\u00e9e correspondant \u00e0 une m\u00e9thode exp\u00e9rimentale ancienne&nbsp;? M\u00eame si les cadres sont diff\u00e9rents, et n\u2019ont pas pour crit\u00e8re de validation la r\u00e9p\u00e9tition, la quantification, la pr\u00e9cision des mesures, diff\u00e9rentes formes plus ou moins m\u00e9thodiques d\u2019investigation par le regard, de d\u00e9monstration ou de r\u00e9futation sont manifestes dans les textes. Compar\u00e9es aux formes de l\u2019exp\u00e9rimentation moderne, celles-ci participent du m\u00eame d\u00e9sir de tirer au clair le r\u00e9el et d\u2019en proposer une expression g\u00e9n\u00e9rale ou syst\u00e9matique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le seul regard de l\u2019historien ou du philologue peut s\u2019av\u00e9rer insuffisant \u00e0 saisir les t\u00e9moins parfois discrets de ces activit\u00e9s d\u2019enqu\u00eate, et la coop\u00e9ration du biologiste ou de l\u2019\u00e9pist\u00e9mologue peut sur les dossiers pertinents se r\u00e9v\u00e9ler utile. Ces collaborations sont donc vivement encourag\u00e9es.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plusieurs pistes non exclusives sont propos\u00e9es \u00e0 la r\u00e9flexion&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>La question des formes et des structures de l\u2019exp\u00e9rimentation ou de la \u00ab&nbsp;preuve&nbsp;\u00bb,&nbsp;au regard des normes modernes de rigueur m\u00e9thodologique et, dans une perspective plus large, le statut \u00e9pist\u00e9mologique des op\u00e9rations conduites.<\/li><li>La question des fonctions de l\u2019exp\u00e9rimentation&nbsp;: comment les deux grands objectifs de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience \u2013&nbsp;fonction de recherche et fonction de preuve ou de r\u00e9futation \u2013 sont-ils articul\u00e9s&nbsp;?<\/li><li>L\u2019impact des observations r\u00e9gl\u00e9es et des exp\u00e9rimentations sur les relations anthropozoologiques&nbsp;: les traces d\u2019une r\u00e9flexion, en particulier, sur le statut \u00e9thique et juridique de l\u2019animal li\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u2019exp\u00e9rience&nbsp;; la consid\u00e9ration de son r\u00f4le social et \u00e9conomique.<\/li><li>Les rapports entre exp\u00e9rimentation scientifique et pratiques rituelles (religieuses ou magiques) impliquant la mise \u00e0 mort d\u2019animaux ou l\u2019utilisation de parties d\u2019animaux (par exemple comme rem\u00e8de)&nbsp;: outre l\u2019objet commun de ces diff\u00e9rentes activit\u00e9s, la pr\u00e9sence de gestes semblables, l\u2019observation r\u00e9gl\u00e9e par un certain protocole.<\/li><li>L\u2019\u00e9tude approfondie de plusieurs dossiers&nbsp;: celui par exemple des pratiques de dissection ou de vivisection et de leurs enjeux m\u00e9dicaux ou biologiques&nbsp;; les descriptions de comportements organis\u00e9s relevant de l\u2019intelligence ou de la technique animale&nbsp;; l\u2019utilisation des animaux comme cobayes pour des tests pharmaceutiques.<\/li><li>Les d\u00e9bats \u00e9pist\u00e9mologiques sur le r\u00f4le et la fiabilit\u00e9 des observations dans la connaissance des organismes animaux, et le rapport entre th\u00e9orie et empirie en biologie.<\/li><li>Les t\u00e9moignages iconographiques d\u2019exp\u00e9riences ou d\u2019exp\u00e9rimentation conduites sur les animaux<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Les propositions de communication (500 mots maximum) par des chercheurs confirm\u00e9s ou des jeunes chercheurs, sont \u00e0 envoyer avant le 15 juin 2022 aux adresses suivantes&nbsp;:&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:arnaud.zucker@univ-cotedazur.fr\">arnaud.zucker@univ-cotedazur.fr<\/a>&nbsp;ou&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:anaelle.broseta@ens.fr\">anaelle.broseta@ens.fr<\/a>. Elles pourront \u00eatre formul\u00e9es dans les langues traditionnelles du r\u00e9seau&nbsp;Zoomathia : en fran\u00e7ais, anglais, allemand, italien ou espagnol. Le comit\u00e9 scientifique communiquera ses r\u00e9ponses le 10 juillet 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Comit\u00e9 d\u2019organisation<\/strong>&nbsp;: A.&nbsp;Zucker (UCA, Nice), A.&nbsp;Broseta (UCA, Nice\/ Sorbonne Universit\u00e9), A.&nbsp;Scaccuto (UCA,&nbsp;Nice&nbsp;\/&nbsp;Universit\u00e0 di&nbsp;Siena).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Comit\u00e9 scientifique&nbsp;:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>V\u00e9ronique&nbsp;Boudon-Millot<\/li><li>Christophe&nbsp;Chandezon<\/li><li>Isabelle&nbsp;Draelants<\/li><li>Brigitte&nbsp;Gauvin&nbsp;(<em>\u00e0 confirmer<\/em>)<\/li><li>Oliver&nbsp;Hellmann<\/li><li>Michel&nbsp;Kreutzer<\/li><li>Stavros&nbsp;Lazaris<\/li><li>Orly&nbsp;Lewis&nbsp;(<em>\u00e0 confirmer<\/em>)<\/li><li>Jean&nbsp;Trinquier<\/li><li>Baudouin&nbsp;Van den Abeele (<em>\u00e0 confirmer<\/em>)<\/li><li>Arnaud&nbsp;Zucker<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>Zoological Observation, Experience and Experimentation on Animals, in Antiquity and the Middle Ages<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;Zoomathia&nbsp;research network is organizing an international Conference in Nice on October 21 and 22, 2022, devoted to&nbsp;<em>Zoological observation, experience and experimentation on animals in Antiquity and the Middle Ages.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Following the conference&nbsp;<em>Expertus sum : L&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience par les sens dans la philosophie naturelle m\u00e9di\u00e9vale<\/em>&nbsp;organized in 2009 by I. Draelants and Th. Benatou\u00efl, this conference will study the ancient testimonies of a practical, programmed, instrumented or interactive investigation on and with animals, as well as the hints revealing experimental protocols.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As early as the investigations on nature carried out by the pre-Socratics (Alcmaeon, Anaxagoras, Democritus&#8230;) and the first treatises of the Hippocratic Collection, dated from the 5th century B.C., the animals appear both as an object of investigation and as a witness for the general understanding of biological phenomena. This double status lies at the heart of Aristotle&rsquo;s zoological work, which develops applied investigations, on anatomical, physiological and ethological aspects, that will be pursued by physicians of the Hellenistic and Roman eras and by the Arab physicians. Galen left us abundant evidence of this kind of research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The official history of ancient and medieval science generally gives a weak place to post-Aristotelian zoology, and often considers the Middle Ages to be a poor period from the point of view of scientific perspectives, empirical investigations and epistemological commitments. Can we not reassess the received opinion and \u201cplay angel\u2019s advocate\u201d? In other words, can we not identify more resolutely, in those times preceding the scientific revolution, some cases of controlled observation corresponding to an ancient experimental method? Even if the frameworks are different and give less importance to reiteration, quantification, and precise measuring as criteria of validity, different forms of investigation by means of observation, demonstration or refutation are manifest in the texts. Compared to modern ways of experimentation, they participate in the same desire to understand the how and why of the phenomena and to propose a general or systematic expression of them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The historian&rsquo;s or philologist&rsquo;s gaze alone may prove insufficient to grasp the sometimes discreet witnesses of these investigative activities, and the cooperation of the biologist or epistemologist may prove useful in many cases. These collaborations are therefore strongly encouraged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Topics of interests include (but are not limited to):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>The question of the&nbsp;<em>forms and structures of experimentation<\/em>, with regard to modern standards of methodological rigor and, in a broader perspective, the epistemological status of the experiments described or commented on in ancient texts.<\/li><li>The question of the&nbsp;<em>functions of experimentation<\/em>: how naturalists deal with the two main objectives of experimentation, i. e. the function of research and the function of proof or refutation?<\/li><li>The&nbsp;<em>impact of regulated observations and experiments on anthropozoological relations<\/em>: the traces of a reflection, in particular, on the ethical and legal status of the experimental animal; the consideration of its social and economic role.<\/li><li>The&nbsp;<em>relationship between scientific experimentation and ritual practices<\/em>&nbsp;(religious or magical) involving the killing of animals. In addition to the common object of these different activities, the presence of similar gestures, the observation regulated by a certain protocol.<\/li><li>The in-depth study of several themes: for example, that of dissection or vivisection practices and their medical or biological stakes; the descriptions of organized behaviors related to animal intelligence or technique; the use of animals as guinea pigs for pharmaceutical tests.<\/li><li>Epistemological debates on the role and reliability of observations in the knowledge of animal organisms, and the relationship between theory and empirics in biology.<\/li><li>Iconographic evidence for&nbsp;zoological experience or experimentation<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Proposals for papers (500 words maximum), from established researchers or young investigators, should be sent before June 15, 2022 to the following addresses: arnaud.zucker@univ-cotedazur.fr or anaelle.broseta@ens.fr. They can be formulated in the traditional languages of the Zoomathia network: French, English, German, Italian or Spanish. The scientific committee will communicate its answers at on July 10, 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Organization committee<\/strong>: A.&nbsp;Zucker (UCA, Nice), A.&nbsp;Broseta (UCA, Nice\/ Sorbonne Universit\u00e9), A.&nbsp;Scaccuto (UCA,&nbsp;Nice\/&nbsp;Universit\u00e0 di&nbsp;Siena).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scientific committee<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>V\u00e9ronique&nbsp;Boudon-Millot<\/li><li>Christophe&nbsp;Chandezon<\/li><li>Isabelle&nbsp;Draelants<\/li><li>Brigitte&nbsp;Gauvin&nbsp;(to be confirmed)<\/li><li>Oliver&nbsp;Hellmann<\/li><li>Michel&nbsp;Kreutzer<\/li><li>Stavros&nbsp;Lazaris<\/li><li>Orly&nbsp;Lewis&nbsp;(to be confirmed)<\/li><li>Jean&nbsp;Trinquier<\/li><li>Baudouin&nbsp;Van den Abeele&nbsp;(to be confirmed)<\/li><li>Arnaud&nbsp;Zucker<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Programme PDF : Colloque Zoomathia oct. 2022 &#8211; programme Nice, 21-22 octobre 2022 Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur CEPAM Le r\u00e9seau de recherche Zoomathia organise \u00e0 Nice, les 21 et 22 octobre 2022, un colloque international consacr\u00e9 \u00e0&nbsp;L\u2019observation zoologique, l\u2019exp\u00e9rience et l\u2019exp\u00e9rimentation sur l\u2019animal, dans l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 et au Moyen \u00c2ge. Dans le [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":721,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,15],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cepam.cnrs.fr\/sites\/zoomathia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/720"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cepam.cnrs.fr\/sites\/zoomathia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cepam.cnrs.fr\/sites\/zoomathia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cepam.cnrs.fr\/sites\/zoomathia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cepam.cnrs.fr\/sites\/zoomathia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=720"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.cepam.cnrs.fr\/sites\/zoomathia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/720\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":760,"href":"https:\/\/www.cepam.cnrs.fr\/sites\/zoomathia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/720\/revisions\/760"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cepam.cnrs.fr\/sites\/zoomathia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/721"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cepam.cnrs.fr\/sites\/zoomathia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=720"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cepam.cnrs.fr\/sites\/zoomathia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=720"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cepam.cnrs.fr\/sites\/zoomathia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=720"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}